1.进入linux：
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo fdisk -l //查看系统硬盘配置
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001efb8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 973 2611 13157377 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 973 1222 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 1222 2611 11157504 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x720e532d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
可见/dev/sdb就是添加的硬盘
2.对硬盘/dev/sdb进行分区
1、划分为扩展分区
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition注：这是删除一个分区的动作
l list known partition types 注：l是列出分区类型，以供我们设置相应分区的类型；
m print this menu注：m是列出帮助信息；
n add a new partition注：添加一个分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table注：p列出分区表；
q quit without saving changes注：不保存退出；
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id 注：t改变分区类型；
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit注：把分区表写入硬盘并退出；
x extra functionality (experts only)注：扩展应用，专家功能；
其实我们常用的只有注有中文的，其它的功能我们不常用；x扩展功能，也不是常用的；一般的情况下只要懂得 d l m p q t w 就行了
列出当前操作硬盘的分区情况，使用p：
Command(m for help):p
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x720e532d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
通过fdisk的d指令来删除一个分区
Command(m for help):d
Partition number (1-6): 6 注：我想删除 sda6 ，就在这里输入 6 ；
警告：删除分区时要小心，请看好分区的序号，如果您删除了扩展分区，扩展分区之下的逻辑分区都会删除；所以操作时一定要小心；如果知道自己操作错了，请不要惊慌，用q不保存退出；切记切记！！！！在分区操作错了之时，千万不要输入w保存退出！！！
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended //选择e，将硬盘sdb格式化为扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //敲回车，即为默认配置注：这个就是分区的Start 值；这里最好直接按回车，如果您输入了一个非默认的数字，会造成空间浪费；
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): //敲回车，即为默认配置
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): w //保存配置
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
到这里为止，只是将新硬盘格式化为扩展分区，但扩展分区还需要再格式化并添加逻辑分区才可用！！！！
所以还要再继续分区一次
2、划分为逻辑分区
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over) //格式化为逻辑分区
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001efb8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 973 7811072 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 973 2611 13157377 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 973 1222 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 1222 2611 11157504 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x720e532d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 2610 20964762 83 Linux
3、格式化分区为ext3格式
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5
mke2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241190 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo mkdir /media/sdb //新建一个目录，用于挂载硬盘sdb5
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo mount /dev/sdb5 /media/sdb或者 //sdb5是可用的逻辑分区
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo mount -t ext3 -o rw /dev/sdb5 /media/sdb
yun@yun-desktop:/work$df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 7.4G 2.5G 4.6G 35% /
none 245M 264K 245M 1% /dev
none 249M 252K 249M 1% /dev/shm
none 249M 96K 249M 1% /var/run
none 249M 0 249M 0% /var/lock
none 249M 0 249M 0% /lib/init/rw
/dev/sda6 11G 465M 9.5G 5% /work
/dev/sdb5 20G 173M 19G 1% /media/sdb
yun@yun-desktop:/work$sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001efb8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 973 7811072 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 973 2611 13157377 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 973 1222 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 1222 2611 11157504 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x720e532d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 2610 20964762 83 Linux //可用的逻辑分区sdb5
3.修改系统配置文件/etc/fstab
将/dev/sdb5盘挂载到了/media/sdb下面，在文件/etc/fstab最后一行添加
/dev/sdb5 /media/sdb ext3 defaults 0 0
此时，系统启动时会自动挂载该分区，否则，只要重启linux系统，都要手动挂载硬盘。
如何在Linux下添加硬盘并挂载？